Complications & Outcomes

Shunt malfunction

Shunt malfunction is when a shunt stops working properly, which can lead to a return of hydrocephalus symptoms.

In short: Shunt malfunction

  • It can cause symptoms of increased pressure to return.
  • Warning signs include headache, vomiting, and changes in alertness.
  • It requires prompt evaluation.
  • It may be addressed with shunt revision.

What it is

It is a situation in which a shunt stops draining cerebrospinal fluid properly — for example, due to a blockage or other issue. It can cause the symptoms of hydrocephalus to return.

Understanding Shunt malfunction

Because a shunt manages CSF, a malfunction can lead to a buildup of fluid and a return of increased-pressure symptoms — such as headache, vomiting, irritability, changes in alertness, or, in a baby, a bulging fontanelle and rapid head growth. Families with a child who has a shunt are taught these warning signs, which require prompt evaluation. A malfunction may be addressed with shunt revision surgery.

Why it matters

Understanding shunt malfunction helps families recognize the warning signs that require prompt medical attention, since a malfunction can cause increased-pressure symptoms to return and may need revision.

Common questions

What is shunt malfunction?

When a shunt stops working properly.

What are the warning signs?

Headache, vomiting, irritability, and changes in alertness.

How is it managed?

Prompt evaluation and, if needed, shunt revision.

Bottom line

Shunt malfunction is a shunt failing to work properly, causing pressure symptoms to return and requiring prompt evaluation.

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