Types of Encephalocele by Location
Transsphenoidal encephalocele
A transsphenoidal encephalocele is a rare basal encephalocele that herniates through the sphenoid bone into the nasopharynx or sphenoid sinus.
In short: Transsphenoidal encephalocele
- It is hidden from external view.
- It may be discovered later in life through nasal or other symptoms.
- It is often repaired through an endoscopic endonasal approach.
- It can be associated with findings such as morning glory disc anomaly.
What it is
It is a basal encephalocele extending through the sphenoid bone into the nasopharynx (upper throat behind the nose) or the sphenoid sinus. Because it is entirely internal, it can go unrecognized for some time.
Understanding Transsphenoidal encephalocele
Since it is internal, it can present as nasal obstruction, a nasopharyngeal mass, or related symptoms, and is sometimes discovered later in life. Any suspected nasal mass must be imaged before biopsy to avoid a cerebrospinal fluid leak, because the mass connects to the brain. It can be associated with eye findings such as morning glory disc anomaly, so identifying one may prompt evaluation of the other. Repair is often performed endoscopically through the nose.
Why it matters
The key practical point is the danger of biopsying an unrecognized transsphenoidal encephalocele. Understanding this — and its possible link to certain eye findings — helps families and clinicians approach nasal and skull-base masses cautiously.
Common questions
Why is it found later?
It is hidden internally and may cause subtle symptoms.
How is it accessed surgically?
Often through the nose endoscopically.
Is it linked to any eye findings?
It can be associated with morning glory disc anomaly.
Bottom line
A transsphenoidal encephalocele is a hidden basal type through the sphenoid, often repaired endoscopically through the nose.
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