Causes & Risk Factors
Prematurity
Prematurity, or being born early, is a major risk factor for hydrocephalus, largely through intraventricular hemorrhage.
In short: Prematurity
- Premature birth increases the risk of hydrocephalus.
- The main link is intraventricular hemorrhage from the fragile germinal matrix.
- The risk is greater with more extreme prematurity.
- Premature infants are monitored for developing hydrocephalus.
What it is
Prematurity refers to being born before term (before 37 weeks of pregnancy). It is a major risk factor for hydrocephalus, primarily because of the risk of bleeding into the brain.
Understanding Prematurity
Premature infants, especially those born very early or with very low birth weight, have fragile blood vessels in the germinal matrix that are prone to bleeding (germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage). Such bleeding can lead to post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The risk rises with greater prematurity and lower birth weight. Because of this, premature infants — particularly the smallest and earliest — are monitored for hydrocephalus with head ultrasounds and head circumference measurements, so that developing hydrocephalus can be recognized and managed.
Why it matters
Understanding prematurity as a risk factor helps families see why premature infants are watched closely for hydrocephalus, and why the smallest and earliest babies are at greatest risk through the pathway of intraventricular hemorrhage.
Common questions
Why does prematurity increase hydrocephalus risk?
Mainly through intraventricular hemorrhage from the fragile germinal matrix.
Are all premature babies at equal risk?
No — the risk is greater with more extreme prematurity.
How are premature infants monitored?
With head ultrasounds and head circumference measurements.
Bottom line
Prematurity is a major risk factor for hydrocephalus, largely through intraventricular hemorrhage, with risk rising with greater prematurity.
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