Ependymoma (types)

What it is

Ependymomas are gliomas that arise from the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The modern classification organizes them by location (supratentorial, posterior fossa, or spinal) and increasingly by molecular features, with surgery central to treatment.

Understanding Ependymoma (types)

Ependymomas behave and are classified differently depending on where they arise and their molecular features. Supratentorial ependymomas (in the upper brain) are now defined partly by specific gene fusions (such as ZFTA fusions); posterior fossa ependymomas (in the back of the brain, common in children) are divided into molecular groups with different prognoses; and spinal ependymomas (including a type defined by a MYCN alteration) have their own considerations. Across types, the most important treatment factor is the extent of surgical removal — complete removal improves outcomes — often followed by radiation depending on the type, location, and how much was removed. Recognizing the specific type and molecular group refines prognosis and treatment. Understanding ependymoma types clarifies how these tumors are categorized and treated.

Why it matters

Understanding ependymoma types helps patients and families see how these tumors are categorized by location and molecular features — and why complete surgical removal, the key treatment factor, improves outcomes.